What Is Arthritis?

Arthritis is a common condition that causes pain and inflammation in the joints. It affects people of all ages and can limit movement and daily activities. Understanding its types, symptoms, causes, and treatments can help manage the condition effectively.

Arthritis affects millions of individuals worldwide, presenting as a leading cause of disability. According to recent studies, approximately 54 million adults in the United States live with some form of arthritis, impacting daily activities and quality of life. The prevalence increases with age, making it a significant public health concern.

In the state of Georgia, arthritis remains one of the most common chronic conditions. Statistics from the Georgia Department of Public Health indicate that nearly 25% of adults report symptoms of arthritis, with higher rates observed in women and older populations. These figures underscore the importance of awareness and effective management strategies within the community.

Understanding arthritis involves recognising its various forms and the ways it can impact individuals differently. Comprehensive knowledge about its symptoms, causes, and treatments can empower those affected to take proactive steps toward managing their condition and improving their overall well-being.

Arthritis is a common yet complex condition that causes pain, swelling, and stiffness in the joints. It is not a single disease but rather a group of over 100 related conditions that affect people of all ages. Arthritis can lead to reduced mobility and a decline in overall quality of life, making early diagnosis and management crucial.

Types of Arthritis

Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent form of arthritis, often referred to as “wear and tear” arthritis. It occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of bones wears down over time, leading to pain and stiffness. Commonly affected joints include knees, hips, hands, and the spine.

Key Points:

• Age Factor: More common in older adults.
• Symptoms: Joint pain during or after movement, stiffness after inactivity.
• Management: Weight management, physical therapy, and pain relievers.

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system mistakenly attacks the joints, causing inflammation. It often affects smaller joints first, such as those in the hands and feet, and can lead to joint deformity and erosion.

Key Points:

• Gender Predominance: More common in women.
• Symptoms: Persistent joint pain, swelling, fatigue, and morning stiffness lasting over an hour.
• Management: Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), biological agents, and lifestyle modifications.

Gout

Gout is a type of arthritis characterised by sudden, severe attacks of pain, redness, and tenderness in joints, often the big toe. It occurs when urate crystals accumulate in the joint due to high levels of uric acid in the blood.

Key Points:

• Diet Impact: High intake of purine-rich foods like red meat and seafood can trigger gout.
• Symptoms: Intense joint pain, swelling, and redness.
• Management: Medications to reduce uric acid levels and dietary changes.

Psoriatic Arthritis

Psoriatic arthritis affects some people who have psoriasis, a condition that features red patches of skin topped with silvery scales. It causes joint pain, stiffness, and swelling, and can affect any part of the body.

Key Points:

• Association with Skin Disease: Occurs in individuals with psoriasis.
• Symptoms: Joint pain, swelling, and skin lesions.
• Management: Anti-inflammatory medications, DMARDs, and biologics.

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Ankylosing spondylitis is a type of arthritis that primarily affects the spine, leading to severe inflammation of the vertebrae. This can result in chronic pain and stiffness, and in advanced cases, the vertebrae may fuse together.

Key Points:

• Gender Predominance: More common in men.
• Symptoms: Back pain, stiffness, reduced flexibility, and fatigue.
• Management: Physical therapy, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and biologics.

Juvenile Arthritis

Juvenile arthritis refers to arthritis that affects children under the age of 16. It encompasses several types of arthritis, including juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, and can impact a child’s ability to perform daily activities.

Key Points:

• Early Onset: Affects children and adolescents.
• Symptoms: Joint pain, swelling, and limited mobility.
• Management: Medications, physical therapy, and supportive care.